rewiew Nemesis (Dewi Keadilan)

Judul Buku: Nemesis

Penulis: Agatha Christie

Penerbit: Gramedia

Alihbahasa: Ny. Suwarni AS

Tebal Halaman: 399

Tahun Terbit: 1991, Cetakan kedua

ISBN: 979-403-939-X

Miss Marple mendapat surat dari sahabat lamanya, Mr Rafiel. Pria itu menghibahkan kepada dirinya uang sebesar 20 ribu pound dengan syarat, Miss Marple membantu Rafiel memecahkan kasus pembunuhan. Anehnya, Rafiel tidak menjelaskan kasusnya.

Miss Jane Marple baru saja membaca di sebuah surat kabar tentang kematian seseorang bernama Rafiel di rumahnya, St Mary Mead. Seminggu kemudian sepucuk surat dari pengacara Rafiel, Broadribb and Schuster, memintanya datang ke kantor pengacara tersebut. Atas perintah Rafiel, Marple akan memperoleh uang warisan sejumlah uang dengan syarat Marple harus membantunya melakukan sesuatu untuknya.

Marple bingung. Surat dari Rafiel tidak mengatakan kasus apa yang akan ditanganinya. Beberapa hari kemudian, Marple mendapat surat dari Biro perjalanan The Famouse Houses and Gardens of Great Britain. Biro perjalanan ini adalah biro perjalanan yang mengatur para wisatawan untuk mengunjungi bangunan-bangunan unik dan kebun-kebun indah di Inggris. Marple merasa mendapat petunjuk. Tetapi tetap tidak mengetahui tujuan Rafiel.

Marple memulai penyelidikannya dengan berbicara dengan teman-teman seperjalanan turnya, yaitu: Mrs Riseley-Porter, Miss Joanna Crawford, Kolonel dan Mrs. Walker, Mr dan Mrs Butler, Miss Elizabeth Temple, Professor Wanstead, Mr Richard Jameson, Miss Lumley, Miss Bentham, Mr Caspar, Miss Cooke, Miss Barrow, dan Miss Emyn Price. Dari Miss Elizabeth Temple-lah, untuk pertama kalinya Marple mendapat petunjuk. Elizabeth adalah mantan kepala sekolah khusus wanita Fallowfield. Saat ia masih menjabat di sekolah itu, ia mengenal seorang gadis yang akan menikah dengan anak Mr Rafiel. Pernikahan tersebut tak pernah terlaksana sebab Sang Gadis meninggal. Elizabeth tak memberikan alasan yang jelas tentang kematian gadis tersebut kecuali karena Cinta.

Saat peserta tur menginap di Hotel Golden Boar, Marple didatangi seorang wanita. Wanita tersebut mengenalkan dirinya sebagai Lavinia Glynne. Glynne adalah penduduk di sekitar daerah tersebut. Ia tinggal bersama dua saudara perempuan lainnya di The Old Manor House bersama Clothilde Bradbury-Scott, kakak tertua, dan Athea Bradburry-Scoot, adiknya. Glynne mengatakan bawah Mr Rafiel menyuruh tiga orang kakak-beradik tersebut untuk mengunjungi The Old Manor House.

Seorang pelayan di The Old Manor House, Janet, bercerita, bahwa Miss Clothilde pernah mempunyai sahabat, pasangan suami-istri yang meninggal dalam kecelakaan pesawat terbang di Spanyol. Sahabatnya tersebut meninggalkan seorang putri bernama Verity Hunt. Clothilde mengajak gadis itu tinggal bersamanya dan menganggap sebagai anaknya sendiri. Lalu suatu hari di saat umurnya yang ke-18, Verinity diketemukan tewas di sebuah parit dekat semak-semak berjarak 45 Km dari rumahnya. Tewas tercekik. Wajahnya dihancurkan. Konon, pembunuhnya adalah pacarnya sendiri, Michael Rafiel, Putra dari J.B Rafiel. Michael Rafiel sendiri terkenal bejat. Suka berganti-ganti wanita, menipu dan kejahatan-kejahatan lainnya bahkan dicurigai membunuh Nora Broad, namun tak pernah dapat dibuktikan, sehingga Clothilde jelas-jelas menolak hubungan Verity dan Michael. Tahulah sekarang Marple akan tugasnya. Sudah jelas Marple harus membuktikan bahwa Michael Rafiel tidak bersalah.

Cerita dari Elizabeth Temple dan Janet berhubungan. Marple menjadi bertanya-tanya, kenapa Elizabeth mengatakan bahwa keikutannya di tur bukan sekedar berwisata tapi berziarah. Tak ada jawaban yang memuaskan sampai suatu ketika ada kecelakaan yang menimpa Elizabeth. Ketika Elizabeth berjalan-jalan dengan peserta tur mengunjungi tugu peringatan Bonaventure. Sebuah batu besar menggelinding dan menabrak Elizabeth Temple. Perawan tua tersebut tewas.

Setelah Misa pemakaman Elizabeth di gereja, Marple berkenalan dengan Wakil Uskup Brabazon. Pria tersebut menceritakan perihal hubungan Michael Rafiel dan Verity Hunter. Pasangan ini berniat untuk menikah diam-diam. Verity meminta Brabazon untuk meresmikan pernikahan mereka. Namun di hari yang sudah ditetapkan, pasangan tersebut tidak pernah datang. Brabazon menjadi kuatir karena pasangan tersebut tidak memberitahukan apa-apa perihal ketidakdatangan mereka. Beberapa hari kemudian barulah Brabazon mendengar bahwa telah terjadi pembunuhan atas diri Verity Hunter. Ia dibuang di parit dalam keadaan wajah yang sengaja dirusak. Michael Rafiel dicurigai sebagai pembunuhnya. Dia diajukan ke pengadilan atas dua dakwaan. Pembunuhan terhadap Verity dan Nora Broad. Terhadap Nora, tuduhan tersebut tidak terbukti. Apalagi mayat Nora tidak pernah diketemukan. Dia dijebloskan ke penjara.

Miss Marple mulai merekonstruksi pembunuhan di kepalanya. Dia tidak percaya Rafiel membunuh Verity. Bagaimana mungkin orang yang hendak menikah begitu tega membunuh pasangannya. Fakta bahwa Clothilde Bradbury-Scott sangat mencintai Verity dan tidak menyetujui Michael Rafiel yang terkenal berwatak buruk memacari Verity menjadi pertimbangan Miss Marple. Tapi apakah mungkin Clothilde membunuh Verity. Aneh, jika demikian. Sebab Clothilde sangat mencintai gadis itu. Namun hal itu menjadi mungkin jika pembunuhan atas dasar sifat posesif tersebut dilakukan tanpa menyakiti Verity. Dan pembunuhan macam apakah yang tidak menyakiti? Obat tidur! Ini yang ada di pikiran Miss Marple. Pastilah Clothilde memberi obat tidur dalam dosis tinggi kepada Verity. Lantas dimana mayatnya? Apakah yang ditemukan di parit? Tidak mungkin! Perusakan wajah tak akan dilakukan oleh Clothilde. Orang yang sangat mencintai tak akan berbuat demikian. Bagaimana jika gadis yang diketemukan itu bukan Verity. Perlu diketahui ada sebuah fakta yang mencurigakan. Mayat wanita yang diduga Verity memang memakai baju Verity, tas tangan dan segala pernak pernik khas Verity. Tetapi kenapa wajahnya dirusak? Bukankah seharusnya pernak-pernik tadi dilucuti atau diganti dengan yang lain supaya orang tersebut tidak dikenali sebagai Verity. Miss Marple menduga bahwa mayat yang diketemukan tersebut bukan Verity tetapi Nora sehingga sangat mencurigakan jika Clothilde mengatakan bahwa itu Verity saat Polisi membawa dia untuk mengenali mayat yang diketemukan. Tetapi masuk akal jika Clothilde adalah pembunuh Nora sendiri.

Miss Marple menduga bahwa Verity tidak pernah meninggalkan rumah Clothilde bersaudara. Perasaan ingin memiliki pastilah yang membuatnya demikian. Lantas dimana mayat Verity? Miss Marple mencurigai kalau Verity dikubur di bekas Green House milik mereka yang dibiarkan terbengkalai. Dan diatas kuburnya, ditana tumbuhan Polygonum baldschuanicum yang merambat dengan cepat menutupi tanah.

Review

Seperti biasa, Agatha Christie adalah salah satu penulis buku favorit saya, karena sangat cerdas dalam membuat alur cerita yang unpredictable. Setiap baca novel karya Agatha, endingnya selalu WOW. Nah untuk review Novel yang berjudul Nemesis (Dewi Keadilan) jujur saya baru kenal sosok Miss Marple, si tua-tua cerdik kalau saya bilang. Dia sangat cerdas membaca keadaan sekalipun menemukan sedikit fakta, lemah tapi cerdik. Karena mempunyai sifat kepo yang luar biasa akan hal-hal yang misterius. Awal baca novel ini sebenernya kurang menarik perhatian saya karena kurang menarik alurnya, dan tidak saya teruskan untuk membaca. Namun, setelah masuk di pertengahan cerita, saya terkagum kagum dengan cara berfikir Miss marple yang mampu membaca situasi dan fakta yang ada. Tokoh Miss marple ini menurut saya lebih keren daripada tokoh Sherlock holmes, meskipun 22nya keren, namun menurt saya lebih keren miss marple deh, dia lemah, dia tua, tidak menikah, hidup sendiri. Namun dapat membongkar kejahatan dengan baik.

Referensi :

https://octacintabuku.wordpress.com/2014/05/04/nemesis/

Report speech

Reported speech is the report of one speaker or writer on the words spoken, written, or thought by someone else. Also called reported discourse.

Traditionally, two broad categories of reported speech have been recognized: direct speech (in which the original speaker's words are quoted word for word) and indirect speech (in which the original speaker's thoughts are conveyed without using the speaker's exact words).

The differences between the direct speech and the indirect speech

-          We no need to use quotation marks with indirect speech.

-          We have to change the tense of the verb.

-          We have to change the pronouns and determiners.

§  Direct speech (quoting speech)

is a way to report what someone has said or wrote quoting the exact words. The words enclosed by punctuation quotation marks (quotes). Also called direct discourse and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame.

·         Indirect speech (reported speech)

is a report on what someone else said or wrote without using that person's exact words. Also called indirect discourse. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is not usually placed inside quotation marks. In the following example, notice how the verb in the present tense (is) changes to the past tense (was) in indirect speech. Also notice the change in word order in the indirect version.

·         Changing Direct speech  into Reported Speech (indirect speech)

- the adverb of nearness should be put into those of distance

Direct Speech	-	Indirect Speech
now	-	then
here	-	there
here after	-	there after
this	-	that
these	-	those
ago	-	before
thus	-	so
to-day	-	that day
to-night	-	that night
last night	-	the previous night
yesterday	-	the day before (or) the previous day
tomorrow	-	the next day (or) the following day
last week	-	the week before (or) the previous week
next week	-	the week after (or) the following week
last month	-	the month before (or) the previous month
next month	-	a month after
hither	-	thither
hence	-	thence

-       Tenses

§  If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future tense (e.g., say, will say) there is no change in the tense of the verb in the Indirect speech.
Antony says, “I eat a mango”. (D.S.)
Antony says, that he eats a mango”. (I.S.)

§  If Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense. the tense of the verbs in the reported speech or Indirect Speech must be generally changed.

1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes p.ast tense.
Johnsi said, “I write a letter”. (D.S)
Johnsi said that she wrote a letter. (I.S)

2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged.
Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S)
Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S)

3. Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous.
John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S)
John said that he was going to church. (I.S)

4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.
Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S)

5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect.
Kamal said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S)
Nelson said that he had done his home work. (I.S)

6. Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous.
He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S)
He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S)

7. ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’.
He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S)
He said that he would go to London the next day. (I.S)

8.

may	-	might
can	-	could
must	-	had to (or) must

Johnsi said, “I must go now”. (D.S)
Johnsi said that she must (or) had to go then. (I.S)

Exception to the above rule:
If the direct speech contains the Universal Truth, the tense of the direct speech remains unchanged even if the reporting verb is in the past.

The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East”. (D.S)
The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (I.S)

Statement (or) Assertive Sentence
Rules :

·       Remove the quotation marks in the statement

·       Use the conjuction ‘that’

·       Change the reporting verb ‘say to’ into ‘tell’

·       Change the reporting verb ‘said to’ into ‘told’

Note :

·       He said that (correct)

·       He told me that (correct)

·       He told that (Incorrect)

1. “I will work hard to get first class” said Lazar (D.S.)
Lazar said he would work hard to get first class. (I.S.)

2. “You can do this work” said Nelson to Johnsi (D.S.)
Nelson told Johnsi that he could do that work. (I.S.)

3. He says, “I am glad to be here this evening”(D.S.)
He says that he is glad to be there that evening. (I.S.)

4. “I‘m going to the library now” said David (D.S.)
David said that he was going to the library then. (I.S.)

Imperative Sentence (Order or Request)
Rules :

·       Remove the quotation mark in an Imperative sentence.

·       Use ‘to’ if it is an affirmative sentence. (without don‘t)

·       Use ‘not to’ if the sentence begins without Don‘t.

·       Don‘t use ‘that’

·       Omit the word ‘please’. Use the word ‘request’ instead of ‘say’.

·       If the direct speech contains a request or a command, the reporting verb (say, said) change to tell, request, order, command etc. In its correct tense.

1. “Don‘t talk in the class” said the teacher to the boys. (D.S.)
The teacher advised the boys not to talk in the class. (I.S.)

2.“Please give me something to eat. I am hungry” the old man said to them. (D.S.)
The old man requested them to give him something to eat and said that he was hungry (I.S.)

3. “Be careful” said he to her. (D.S.)

He ordered her to be careful. (I.S.)

4. “Bring me a cup of tea” said Nelson to Andriya. (D.S.)

Nelson asked Andriya to bring him a cup of tea. (I.S.)

Interrogative Sentence (Questions)
Rules :

·  Remove the quotation marks and question mark in the interrogative sentence.

·  Use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ if the sentence inside the quotation marks begins with a helping verb (Auxiliary verb).

·  Use the given interrogative word (what, when, where, why, who, whom, whose, which, now etc.) if it does not begin with the helping verb.

·  Don‘t use ‘that’

·  Changing the reporting verb (say, said) into ‘ask’ or ‘enquire’ in its correct tense.

·  Omit helping verb like ‘do, does, did’. But don’t omit them when they are with ‘not’.

1. “Won’t you help me to caary this box?” said I to my friend. (D.S.)
I asked my friend if he would not help me to carry that box. (I.S.)

2. Mohan said to Stalin, “Why did not you attend the meeting yesterday”? (D.S.)
Mohan asked Stalin why he had not attended the meeting the day before. (I.S.)

3. “How often do you go to the theatre?” said David to John. (D.S.)
David asked John how often he went to the theatre. (I.S.)

4. Mohamed said to Sultan, “Do you like mangoes?” (D.S.)
Mohamed asked Sultan if he liked mangoes. (I.S.)

·         Changing indirect speech into direct speech

-          Use the reporting verb, "say" or "said to" in its correct tense.

-          Remove the conjuctions "that, to, if or whether etc". wherever necessary.

-          Insert quotation marks, question mark, exclamation and fullstop, wherever necessary.

-          Put a comma before the statement.

-          Write the first word of the statement with capital letter.

-          Change the past tense into present tense wherever the repoting verb is in the past tense.

-          Convert the past perfect either into past tense or present perfect as found necessary.

-          Be careful about the order of words in the question.

-          The following column will enable the students to find the kind of sentence.

Indirect (Conjunction)	-	Direct (Kind of Sentence)
That	-	Statement (or) Exclamatory sentence
to, not to	-	Imperative
requested + to	-	Begin the imperative sentence with "please"
if or whether	-	Interrogative sentence (Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ...?)
What, When, How etc.,	-	(Wh or How + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ...?)

3 types sentences in reported speech :

I. STATEMENTS:

Kind of Sentences	Reporting Verbs	Conjunctions
Statement	said, told, suggested, admitted, remarked	that

a. Ordinary statements:

Example:

Direct Speech	Rosy said, “I have a habit of reding before I go to bed”.
Indirect Speech	Rosy said that she had a habit of reading before she went to bed.

Direct Speech	David said, ‘Here is the pen I borrowed yesterday, John.”
Indirect Speech	David said to John that there was the pen he had borrowed the previous day.

in statements part, need to be added ”to” in front of the sentence.

-          Positive statements

He asked me, “read the book” (D.S)

He asked me to read the book (I.S)

-          Negative statements

She told me, “don’t eat the meal” (D.S)

She told me not to eat  the meal (I.S)

 

II. QUESTIONS:

a. The reporting verbs for questions are:

Kind of Sentences	Reporting Verbs	Conjunctions
Questions (1) W/H type	asked, enquired, wanted to know	if / whether
Questions (2) Verbal	asked, enquired, wanted

b. Auxiliary questions should begin with:

if / whether

e.g:

Direct Speech	My friend said, “Are they coming with us?”
Indirect Speech	My friend asked me whether they were coming with us.
Direct Speech	I said, “Were they angry with you?”
Indirect Speech	I asked him whether they had been angry with him.

Direct Speech	Sarah said to her mother, “Can the milkman bring milk in this heavy rain?”
Indirect Speech	Sarah asked her mother if the milkman could bring milk in that heavy rain.

c. Do / Does / Did Questions:

When using;
do, does (present tense) - the main verb converts
into the past (does / do go -> went)
did (past tense) - the main verb converts
into past perfect. (did go -> had gone)
e.g:

Direct Speech	“Does David study late at night?” said Sonia.
Indirect Speech	Sonia asked me whether David studied late at night.

Direct Speech	Jems said,“Do college students use cellphones?”
Indirect Speech	Jems asked me whether college students used cellphones.

d. The question form will change into a statement form:

“Is he here?”

Whether he was there

e. W/h Questions:

These questions begin with a question word (Who, What, When, Why, Where, How, How long ...). While changing such a question into reported form we do not use any conjunction. We simply invert the word order (Verb + Subject is changed into Subject + Verb). Do not use if/whether in W/h Questions.
e.g:

Verb + Subject	She said to me, “What do you want?”
Subject + Verb	She asked me what I wanted.

Direct Speech	My neighbour said, “when did the men catch the stray dogs”
Indirect Speech	My neighbour asked me when the men had caught the stray dogs.

Direct Speech	My friend said, “Which colour will you choose?”
Indirect Speech	My fiend aksed me which colour I would choose?

Direct Speech	Father said to mother, “Why was Angelina crying when she returned from school?”
Indirect Speech	father asked mother why Angelina had been crying when she had returned from school.

f. Verbal Questions:

These are questions begining with a verb. (Are you ready? Is it true?)
Here we use the conjunction ‘if’ or ‘whether’. The word order is changed as mentioned earlier.
e.g:

Verb + Subject	She said to me, “Is Tom at home?”
Subject + Verb	Sh asked me if Tom was at home.

III. COMMANDS / ORDER / IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

To report a command we can use a number of verbs

Reporting Verb:

Kind of Sentences	Reporting Verbs	Conjunctions
Commands & Requests	told, asked, requested, warned, advised, instructed, ordered	to - not to

We use the conjunction ‘to’. When the command is a negative one beginning with “Don’t” we change it to ‘not to’.
e.g:

Direct Speech The Captain said, “Get ready to board the ship.” Indirect Speech The Captain commanded his sailors to get ready to board the ship.

Direct Speech Teacher said to Jems, “Get out” Indirect Speech Teacher told Jems to get out.

Direct Speech The Judge said to the culprit, “Tell me the truth.” Indirect Speech The Judge ordered the culprit to tell the truth.

Direct Speech Headmaster said to the students, “Don’t copy in the examination”. Indirect Speech Headmaster asked the students not to copy in the examination.

Requests:

Please - requested + whom + to + v

Direct Speech	The teacher said, “Please improve your knowledge.”
Indirect Speech	The teacher requested the student to improve his knowledge.

Direct Speech	Robert said to me, “Please post these letters”.
Indirect Speech	Robert requested me to post those letters.

Direct Speech	Mother said, “Please keep your room neat.”
Indirect Speech	Mother requested me to keep my room neat.

http://www.grammarinenglish.com/dialoguereporting/

http://www.weblearn.in/direct_speech/

http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/reportedspeechterm.htm

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-direct-speech